The robust implementation of this technology requires optimization of a number of variables, including (1) cell lines capable of synthesizing the required molecules at high productivities that ensure low operating cost (2) culture media and bioreactor culture conditions that achieve both the requisite productivity and meet product quality specifications (3) appropriate on-line and off-line sensors capable of providing information that enhances process control and (4) good understanding of culture performance at different scales to ensure smooth scale-up. A range of biotherapeutics are currently synthesized using cell culture methods in large scale manufacturing facilities that produce products for both commercial use and clinical studies. Animal cell culture technology has advanced significantly over the last few decades and is now generally considered a reliable, robust and relatively mature technology.
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